Services — Underground Development

Underground Development

Decline development, lateral drives, raise boring, shaft sinking, paste fill systems, and underground infrastructure — building the access architecture that makes everything else possible.

Overview

Underground development is the foundation of every underground mine. Before a single tonne of ore is extracted, hundreds of metres of decline, cross-cuts, ventilation drives, and infrastructure excavations must be completed to create the access network that production depends upon. The quality, speed, and cost of this development work determines whether an orebody is economically viable — and poor development practices create problems that compound throughout the entire life of mine.

Jahkai's underground development teams bring deep experience across decline development, lateral headings, vertical openings, and infrastructure excavations. Our crews have developed headings in every ground condition — from competent granite to squeezing ground, from massive sulphides to heavily faulted sediments. We understand that development is not just about advance rate; it is about profile control, ground support quality, serviceability for follow-on activities, and the long-term stability of openings that may need to remain functional for decades.

We operate both conventional drill-and-blast development and mechanised development using roadheaders, selecting the method based on ground conditions, heading dimensions, vibration constraints, and production requirements.

What We Deliver

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Decline Development
Primary access development from surface to orebody. We develop declines at gradients from 1:7 to 1:10 in profiles ranging from 5.0m x 5.5m to 6.0m x 6.0m. Our decline development programs maintain consistent advance rates while achieving the profile accuracy and ground support quality that ensures these critical openings remain serviceable for the full life of mine. Ventilation, drainage, and services installation are integrated into the development cycle, not treated as afterthoughts.
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Lateral Development
Cross-cuts, ore drives, access drives, truck loading bays, and all horizontal development headings that connect the decline to the production areas. We develop lateral headings from 4.0m x 4.5m through to 6.0m x 6.0m profiles, with advance rates and ground support regimes tailored to the ground conditions encountered. Our development cycle management maximises utilisation of every available heading to maintain fleet and crew productivity.
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Vertical Development — Raise Boring
Raise bore operations for ventilation shafts, ore passes, escape ways, and service risers. We operate raise bore machines capable of boring from 1.8m to 6.0m diameter at depths exceeding 500m. Raise boring provides a safer alternative to conventional raise development, eliminating the need for personnel to work in unsupported vertical openings. Our teams manage the complete cycle from pilot hole drilling through to reaming and collar construction.
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Vertical Development — Shaft Sinking
Conventional shaft sinking for mine access, ventilation, and hoisting infrastructure. Shaft sinking is among the most technically demanding and hazardous activities in underground mining, requiring specialist crews, purpose-built equipment, and meticulous planning. Our shaft sinking teams have experience in both rock shafts and shafts through unconsolidated ground requiring pre-support systems.
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Paste Fill Operations
Cemented paste fill and hydraulic fill placement for ground support in high-extraction stoping methods. We manage paste fill reticulation systems from surface batch plants to underground stope voids, including pipeline installation, barricade construction, fill quality monitoring, and curing management. Reliable paste fill delivery is the pacing item in many stoping sequences — and we treat it with the urgency it demands.
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Infrastructure Development
Pump stations, electrical substations, refuge chambers, workshops, magazines, fuel bays, and all permanent underground infrastructure excavations. These openings often require larger profiles, reinforced ground support, and concrete floors — design requirements that differ significantly from standard development headings. Our teams understand the specific needs of each infrastructure type and deliver openings that are fit for purpose from the day they are commissioned.

Equipment & Technology

Underground development demands reliable, well-maintained equipment operated by competent crews. We deploy the following equipment platforms based on the specific requirements of each development program.

  • Sandvik DD-series development jumbos (DD421, DD422i) — Twin-boom and single-boom electro-hydraulic drill jumbos for face drilling in development headings, with MWD data capture for geological mapping and drill pattern optimisation
  • Epiroc Boomer series (S2, E2, XE3) — Development drilling platforms with automated drilling cycles, providing consistent hole placement accuracy and integrated bolt hole drilling capability
  • Roadheaders — Sandvik MT720 — Heavy-duty transverse-type roadheader for mechanised development in rock strengths up to 120 MPa UCS, providing continuous excavation without blasting in applications where vibration control is critical
  • Roadheaders — Mitsui S300 and S200 — Axial-type roadheaders for medium-strength rock, providing excellent profile control and reduced overbreak compared to drill-and-blast methods
  • Raise bore machines — Pilot hole drilling and reaming equipment for vertical and inclined raise development from 1.8m to 6.0m diameter
  • Ground support equipment — Integrated jumbo bolting, mechanised mesh installation, shotcrete sprayers (Normet Spraymec), and cable bolt installation equipment
  • Mucking fleet — LHDs and underground trucks sized to the development profile and advance rate requirements, with automated tramming capability for repetitive mucking cycles
  • Survey and alignment systems — Total stations, laser alignment systems, and digital survey tools for maintaining heading alignment, grade control, and profile compliance throughout the development program

Local employment and training

We employ people from the place the mine is, and we train them on the tools, in the mine, from offsider through operator to supervisor. We leave a trainer behind.

Training & Knowledge Transfer

Underground development requires a broader range of skills than any other mining discipline. A complete development crew must include competent jumbo operators, shotfirers, ground support operators, LHD operators, and charge-up crews — all coordinated by supervisors who understand the development cycle as an integrated system. Jahkai's training programs build this complete capability.

  • Jumbo operation — Machine familiarisation, drilling fundamentals, face markup interpretation, drilling patterns, hole alignment, MWD data interpretation, and progressive development from assisted operation to autonomous face drilling
  • Ground support installation — Rock bolt installation (split sets, resin bolts, friction bolts), mesh installation, shotcrete application, cable bolt installation, and ground condition assessment for support requirement identification
  • Roadheader operation — Machine operation, cutting sequence management, profile control, muck handling, and maintenance procedures for both transverse and axial roadheader types
  • Development cycle management — Understanding the complete development cycle from face drilling through blasting, ventilation, mucking, ground support, and services installation — and how to manage each activity to minimise cycle time while maintaining safety and quality
  • Survey and alignment — Laser alignment interpretation, grade board reading, survey mark protection, and basic survey skills for maintaining heading alignment between survey visits
  • Raise bore operation — Pilot hole drilling, reamer installation, boring operation, rod handling, and the safety-critical procedures specific to raise bore operations including ground monitoring and breakthrough management
  • Paste fill operations — Pipeline system operation, barricade construction, fill placement monitoring, quality sampling, and emergency response procedures for pipeline failures and barricade breaches
  • Supervisory development — Shift planning, resource allocation, production scheduling, hazard management, crew leadership, and the communication skills required to coordinate multiple headings and activities simultaneously

Every training module follows a structured progression: classroom theory, supervised practical application, assessed competency demonstration, and ongoing mentoring during independent operation. We train people from the place the mine is until they are competent operators who understand why each procedure exists — because understanding creates safety culture, and safety culture is what keeps people alive underground.

Ready to discuss your underground development requirements?

From decline access to production-level development, raise boring to paste fill systems — Jahkai builds the underground infrastructure that mining depends upon.

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